Safety issues associated with EV fires include intense heat release with possibility for explosion, toxic and irritant gas release, structural damage, fire spread, difficulties with fire suppression, reignition risk, and risk of injury or loss of life.

Building fire and mechanical codes for open and enclosed parking structures and vehicle repair garages do not yet specifically consider the fire hazards of EVs.

Inclusion of a water-based fixed firefighting system with an appropriate water application rate can provide adequate cooling, which minimizes rapid fire spread and reduces structural damage.

Once a battery ignites, the EV can be considered a lost asset. Therefore, immediate focus should be put on safely removing the vehicle from an enclosed facility to an outdoor location where the fire can burn out without spreading.

An appropriate ventilation system can provide effective smoke control and establish a tenable egress path for occupants. Smoke evacuation coupled with an early detection system is necessary for life safety.

Passive fireproofing may be required for critical structural elements to prevent damage or failure.

Coordination with local authorities and emergency response and management agencies is essential to establish an acceptable code path that includes consideration of unique fire hazards associated with the increased presence of EVs in enclosed infrastructures, such as parking garages and bus depots.